![]() Enfield, Mary Lee, and Victoria Greene.“Grapheme–Phoneme Knowledge Is Essential for Learning to Read Words in English.” Word Recognition in Beginning Literacy. “A review of selected research on methods of teaching sight words.” The Reading Teacher 35:3 (1981): 314-322. Here is a bibliography of some of the research supporting our approach to sight words instruction: Our sight words teaching techniques are based not only on classroom experience but also on the latest in child literacy research. Many teachers take existing sight word lists and customize them, adding words from their own classroom lessons. There are many newer variations, such as the Common Core sight words, that tweak the Dolch and Fry sight words lists to find the combination of words that is the most beneficial for reading development. Shaywitz, M.D., Professor of Learning Development at Yale University’s School of Medicine. This list consists of the 150 words that occur most frequently in printed English, according to the Word Frequency Book. The Top 150 Written Words is the newest of the word lists featured on our site, and is commonly used by people who are learning to read English as a non-native language. Learning all 1,000 words in the Fry sight word list would equip a child to read about 90% of the words in a typical book, newspaper, or website. ![]() Edward Fry developed this expanded list in the 1950s (and updated it in 1980), based on the most common words to appear in reading materials used in Grades 3-9. The Fry Sight Words list is a more modern list of words, and was extended to capture the most common 1,000 words. Once a child knows the Dolch words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words. The Dolch sight words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. ![]() Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words. There is a great deal of overlap among the lists, but the Dolch sight word list is the most popular and widely used. There are several lists of sight words that are in common use, such as Dolch, Fry, Top 150, and Core Curriculum. Memorizing these words with unnatural spellings and pronunciations teaches not only these words but also helps the reader recognize similar words, such as guy, walk, or some.
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![]() Alabama experiment station, Auburn, pp 1–32īarrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ (2005) Haploview: analysis and visualization of ld and haplotype maps. In: Results of experiments on cotton in alabama. Dissertation, Texas Tech UniversityĪndrade AC, Viana JM, Pereira HD, Pinto VB, Silva FEF (2019) Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block patterns in popcorn populations. ![]() malvacearum from acid delinted and easiflo treated cotton seed. Theor Appl Genet 133:563–577Īlexander AS (2009) Isolation frequency of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Genetic mapping and genomic targeting of the BB13 locus in the current study will help in cloning the CBB-resistant gene and establishing the molecular genetic architecture of the BB-13 locus towards developing durable resistance to CBB in cotton.Ībdelraheem A, Elassbli H, Zhu Y, Kuraparthy V, Hinze L, Stelly D, Wedegaertner T, Zhang J (2019) A genome-wide association study uncovers consistent quantitative trait loci for resistance to verticillium wilt and fusarium wilt race 4 in the US upland cotton. Nine of these putative genes and two NBS-LRR genes adjacent to the targeted region were putatively involved in plant disease resistance and are possible candidate genes for BB-13 locus. Candidate gene analysis identified thirty putative gene sequences in the targeted genomic region. Flanking SNP markers, i04890Gh and i04907Gh of the BB-13 locus, identified from the combined linkage analysis and GWAS, targeted it to a 371-Kb genomic region. The BB-13 locus was mapped within the 0.95-cM interval near the telomeric region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Molecular genetic mapping using an F 6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population showed the CBB resistance in cultivar Arkot 8102 was controlled by a single locus ( BB-13). In the current study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CBB resistance using an elite diversity panel of 380 accessions, genotyped with the cotton single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 63 K array, and phenotyped with race-18 of CBB, localized the CBB resistance to a 2.01-Mb region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Identification and deployment of genetic resistance in cotton cultivars is the most economical and efficient means of reducing crop losses due to CBB. malvacearum (Xcm), has periodically been a damaging disease in the USA. AbstractĬotton bacterial leaf blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia expressly disclaim liability with respect to anything done in reliance on this publication.)/Rect/Subj(Typewritten Text)/Subtype/FreeText/T(FAndriunas)/Type/Annot>endobj5 0 obj/BS 25 0 R/CreationDate(D:20130111132011 11'00')/DA(12 TL /Cour 8 Tf)/DS(font: 'Myriad Pro' 8.0pt text-align:left color:#000000 )/F 4/IT/FreeTextTypewriter/M(D:20130111132020 11'00')/NM(a0de09f1-ad4a-4369-adeb-1b3db213c75a)/P 1 0 R/Rect/Subj(Typewritten Text)/Subtype/FreeText/T(FAndriunas)/Type/Annot>endobj6 0 objstream Disclaimer: The material in this publication is for general information only and no person should act, or fail to act on the basis o\f this material without first obtaining professional advice.
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